Authors

Abstract

This paper aims to solve the problems of complex structure, poor straw crushing effect and high power consumption of existing straw returning machines. A cutting and crushing device with moving and fixed blades has been developed. The moving blade has collision and automatic retraction functions, which can effectively reduce destructive damage caused by blade obstacles and extend its service life. The double-type single-support cutting method has the advantages of improving the straw crushing effect and reducing the running power consumption. The effects of blade rotate speed, blade offset angle and blade numberunder the condition of composite single-support cutting were tested according to the uneven ratio of straw throwing and the qualification ratio of straw crushed length. The optimal combination of working parameters of the cutting and crushing device was determined: blade rotate speed of 1968 r/min, blade offset angle of 5°, blade number of 4. The test results show that the uneven ratio of straw throwing is 17.18%, and the qualification ratio of straw crushed length is 92.23%. The operation effect of the side-sweeping straw deep-buried returning machine was tested on the field. All operating indicators are equipped with cutting and crushing devices, and the results show that all operating indicators meet the technical requirements of straw return.

Abstract in Chinese

本文旨在解决现有秸秆深还机切割粉碎装置结构复杂、秸秆破碎效果差、功耗高等问题。设计了一种侧扫式秸秆深还机切割粉碎装置。该切割粉碎装置采用动定刀结合的设计，动刀片具有碰撞自动回缩功能，可有效降低障碍物对刀片的破坏性伤害，延长其使用寿命。采用复式单支撑的切割方式，具有提高秸秆粉碎效果和降低作业功耗等优点。本文利用自制的玉米秸秆切割粉碎试验台，以秸秆抛洒不均匀率和秸秆切碎长度合格率为目标值，对刀盘转速、偏移角度和刀片数目等影响因素进行了玉米秸秆复式单支撑切割条件下的单因素试验和中心组合试验。试验结果表明：当刀盘转速为1968r/min、偏移角度为5°，刀片数目为4时，秸秆抛洒不均匀率为17.18%，秸秆切碎长度合格率为92.23%。对安装了切割粉碎装置的侧扫式秸秆深还机整机作业效果进行了田间性能试验，结果表明各项作业指标均可达到国家相关标准的技术要求。